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| yaa aljin! un jiyo, ein lerajin, leradanun viossa per akotê 3 muai ima. endên apar ñojin, mena un imawen leradan mangemange ting tsui viossa.
| | <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Zsiyo}}</noinclude> |
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| vintuadag (sintudag men f viossa) f un 27d vapamuai 2022t (zamisalijin). hanukin anglossa, jongossa, au apar mêlayossa.
| | Yá aldok! Un '''Zsiyo'''zsin, a un poleradan Viossa per akote tre toszi ima. Na 2025t, un dan poborte Viossadiskord, men posuruk ima per benglera a bengopeta! |
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| gustun mach machossa, spil hammasbasu, kaku kompyudwaibma auau.
| | Vintuadánui ti 27d 8m 2022t. Un hanuki anglossa, putonghwossa, a apar malayossa. |
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| ==zantumam== | | Un yuentena [[leksember 2022|Leksember 2022t]] inemade, a ainlatena [[Davi hanu!|''Davi hanu!'']] 40s telraz made. Yoktel fu [https://duostories.org/vios-vios Duovimi] a al hazsikaku fu [[Leksember 2023]] run un awen! |
| yamm unna zantumam f un.
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | Mena, lestedua '''opeta''' viossa noyazsin made. Idaunker kara, un dua apu hei anyansıng dokoa helenázma viossain. |
| |+midzan tumam<ref>nai yamm nirazmidzan, mena deki kaku iñe kakutro.</ref>
| | |
| | ==Zan au kaku== |
| | |
| | Afto zsangnen mahaklarti zantropos a kakutropos fu ovornui. |
| | |
| | ===Zantropos=== |
| | |
| | ====Mitzan==== |
| | Afto skalla mkina mitzan ine ovornui. |
| | |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| | ! |
| | !Lepa |
| | |
| | !Alvyol |
| | !Payatsi |
| | !Ngangi |
| | !Orla |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="2" |midzan!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa | | !Hana |
| ! colspan="2" |alviol!! colspan="2" |alviolkruxa
| | |m |
| ! colspan="2" |hinakruxa
| |
| !gorla
| |
| |-
| |
| !fal→
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |hana
| |
| |
| |
| |m|| | |
| |n | | |n |
| | ||ɲ | | |(ɲ) |
| |
| |
| |ŋ | | |ŋ |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |bamba | | !Bamba |
| |p||b||t||d | | |p b |
| | |t d |
| | | | | |
| | ||k||ɡ
| | |k |
| |(ʔ)<ref>mono yamm iñe festako, ttb: f un [fɨ̯ʔɯn]</ref>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |bambadefendo
| |
| | style="background: silver;" |
| |
| | style="background: silver;" | ||t͡s||d͡z
| |
| |t͡ɕ
| |
| |d͡ʑ
| |
| | style="background: silver;" |
| |
| | style="background: silver;" |
| |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" | fendo | | !Bamfendo |
| |f||v||s||z
| | |
| |ɕ
| |
| |(ʑ)<ref>mono yamm iñe [d͡ʑ], li nai altid kawari na [ɕ]</ref>||x||
| |
| |h
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |r-lik zan
| |
| | | | | |
| | |ts |
| | |(tɕ) |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |ɾ | | |- |
| | !Fendo |
| | |f v |
| | |s z |
| | |ɕ ʑ |
| | | | | |
| | |h (ɦ) |
| | |- |
| | !Slak |
| | | | | |
| | |ɾ |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |sebiazannen | | !Sebyazannen |
| |
| |
| |w
| |
| | | | | |
| |l | | |l |
| |
| |
| |j | | |j |
| | | | |w ~ ɰ |
| |
| |
| | | | | |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | */t͡s/ a /s/ deki zanena na [t͡ɕ] a [ɕ] koske akote furalik sebyazan os na mitzanklani. Nil manipari yam mellan [t͡s] au [t͡ɕ]. |
| |+ sebiazan tumam<ref>nai yamm kataisebiazan koske hanuyena, mena alkirain deki kakuyena niraz.</ref>
| | */d͡ʑ/ a /ʑ/ pospara [ʑ] made imagoro. |
| | */h/ deki zanena na [ɦ] os nil na mellan fu ni sebyazan. |
| | */ɦ/ deki zanena fanszuka: [j] akote furalik sebyazan, [ɦ] akote andra sebyazan, [ɣ] akote mitzan, a mae andra. Soe run /g/ na dan. |
| | |
| | ====Sebyazan ==== |
| | Na kundur, sebyazan ovornui ine nai tak klar. Yanna ó sebyazan ka altid umdaus na komsa, a ein mellanlik sebyazan ka fanszuka na kutsiplas–soe dekti kraizena os nai, a dekti obalik os mellanlik na pikkatai. |
| | |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| | ! |
| | !Fura |
| | !Mellan |
| | !Hina |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="2" |sebiazan | | !Oba |
| !plas→!! colspan="2" |fura!!mellan
| | |i iː |
| !hina
| | | |
| | |ɯ ɯː |
| |- | | |- |
| !fal→!!naikraislik !!kraislik!!naikraislik!!kraislik | | !Mellan |
| | |e eː |
| | |ɘ ɘː |
| | |o oː |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |oba | | !Una |
| |i | | | |
| |y|| | | |a aː |
| |ɯ~u | | | |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |mellan
| |
| | ɛ~e|| (ø)<ref>nai yamm iñe ko, men deki hanuyena koske [y] bli plusunnalik.</ref>|||ə||ɔ~o
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |unna
| |
| | colspan="4" |a~ɑ
| |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| ==kakutro==
| | *Pikka sebyazan dekti hanuyena lik niraz sebyazan: na tato, /iː/ deki zanena lik /i.i/. |
| unna yamm kakutro f un. yamm mange tro f kaku sama zan.
| | *Huwiya fu mellanlik sebyazan /ɘ/ mae tun. Na lavna, soe run /y ø/ na dan. |
| | * /ɯ/ yanti mae likzan. Akote niltid soe [u] na vir. |
| | */a/ long hel unaspésu. Soe deki [ɑ] os [ɐ] na strani. |
|
| |
|
| ===alfakrun=== | | =====Tsui /ɘ/===== |
| yamm ni fal f alfakrun --- gammel au ño. ting iñe '''midori''' es kawari.
| | Asoko sebyazan mae trelo. |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | Na danovornui, snano sebyazan /y ø/ umdaus na mae koto. Za ryó hei sparayena na /ø/ made, afto sebyazan utenkraizenabli na yok mellanlik sebyazan made. Na andra, afto noya sebyazan run utenasobna fu /e/ na kotówari. Ryó verszo tsiaunen: na yottid, eins verszo ende kraizena [ɘ~ɞ] ⟨ı⟩, ale nis verszo niltid komsa [ɘ~ə] ⟨ı~a⟩. |
| |+alfakrun (ñotro)
| | |
| !a
| | Na danmoszt, eins verszo [ɘ~ɞ] ⟨ı⟩ popikkabli na kotoba ka yamdan ''*-ør'' na amlvanois. /ɾ/ pohnopit, sit lasayena [ɵː~ɞː] ⟨ï⟩ na owari: na tato, ''*spør'' > ''spï'' [spɞː], au *''høre'' > ''hï'' [hɞɦɞ]. |
| !b
| | |
| !c
| | ===Kakutropos=== |
| !d
| | Kakutropos na ovornui akote mellanlik. Nilting komsa kalap yanna her. |
| !e
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| !style="background:LightGreen" |ê
| | ! |
| !f
| | !Lepa |
| !g
| | !Alvyol |
| !h
| | !Payatsi |
| !i
| | !Ngangi |
| !j
| | !Orla |
| !k
| |
| !l
| |
| !m
| |
| !n
| |
| !style="background:LightGreen" |ñ
| |
| !o
| |
| !(ö)
| |
| !p
| |
| !style="background:LightGreen" |q
| |
| !r | |
| !s | |
| !t | |
| !u | |
| !style="background:LightGreen" |ü | |
| !v
| |
| !w
| |
| !style="background:LightGreen" |x
| |
| !y
| |
| !z | |
| |- | | |- |
| |a~ɑ
| | !Hana |
| |b
| |
| |style="background:LightGreen" |k
| |
| |d
| |
| |style="background:LightGreen" |ɛ~e~ə
| |
| |ə
| |
| |ɸ~f
| |
| | g
| |
| |h
| |
| |i~j
| |
| |style="background:LightGreen" |d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ
| |
| |k
| |
| |l
| |
| |m | | |m |
| |n | | |n |
| |ɲ | | | |
| |ɔ~o | | |ng |
| |(œ~ø) | | | |
| |p
| |
| |t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ
| |
| |ɾ~r
| |
| |s
| |
| |t
| |
| |ɯ~u~w
| |
| |y
| |
| |v
| |
| |w
| |
| |ɕ~ʃ
| |
| |style="background:LightGreen" |j
| |
| |z
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+alfakrun (''gammëltro'')
| |
| !a
| |
| !b
| |
| !c
| |
| !d
| |
| !e
| |
| !ë
| |
| !f
| |
| !g
| |
| !h
| |
| !i
| |
| !j
| |
| !k
| |
| !l
| |
| ! m
| |
| !n
| |
| !o
| |
| !(ö)
| |
| !p
| |
| !r
| |
| !s
| |
| !t
| |
| !u
| |
| !v
| |
| !w
| |
| !y
| |
| !z
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |a~ɑ
| | !Bamba |
| |b | | |p b |
| |t͡s | | |t d |
| |d
| | | |
| |ɛ~e | |
| |ə
| |
| |ɸ~f
| |
| |g
| |
| |h
| |
| |i~j
| |
| |j
| |
| |k | | |k |
| |l | | | |
| |m
| |
| |n
| |
| |ɔ~o
| |
| |(œ~ø)
| |
| |p
| |
| |ɾ~r
| |
| |s
| |
| |t
| |
| |ɯ~u~w
| |
| |v
| |
| |w
| |
| |y
| |
| |z
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| awen yamm nirazkirain au treirazkirain. ting iñe '''rü''' nai brukena iñe ñotro, '''midori''' mono brukena iñe ñotro, '''kiero''' yokutid brukena iñe ñotro.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+mangerazkirain
| |
| !ch
| |
| ! style="background:LightCoral" |cs
| |
| !dz
| |
| ! style="background:PaleGoldenrod" |dzs
| |
| !ng
| |
| ! style="background:LightCoral" |nj
| |
| ! style="background:PaleGoldenrod" |sz
| |
| ! style="background:LightGreen" |ts
| |
| ! style="background:PaleGoldenrod" |(zs)
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |x
| | !Bamfendo |
| |t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ
| | | |
| |d͡z
| | |ts |
| |d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ
| | | |
| |ŋ
| | | |
| |ɲ | | | |
| |ɕ~ʃ | |
| |t͡s | |
| |(ʑ~ʒ)
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===anderruul===
| |
| yokutid awen yamm mit akyut kirain (á, é, í, ó, ú, ő, ű) f jongsilba (ttb: akkurát, ocháre) mena afto mangetid mono koske opeta.
| |
| | |
| ==hanutro==
| |
| mangetid ('''nai altid''') brukun festako os tsunagako, danki na [https://vikoli.org/Brukdjin:Lumakot_Luna/lk#Glossaruul glossaruul f lunamik]. f suruko charun afto.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+f suruko | |
| !suruko
| |
| !vil/treng<ref>li "vil", "bli", "treng" iñe fras sebia suruko, afto ruul duaibmatrengnai.</ref>
| |
| !tid
| |
| !deki
| |
| !tsa/da/ti
| |
| !ak/nai
| |
| !spür
| |
| !surujin
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="4" |(ko)
| | !Fendo |
| | -vil | | |f v |
| | -dan
| | |s z |
| | rowspan="4" | -ki
| | |sz zs |
| | rowspan="4" | -tsa | | | |
| | rowspan="4" | -nai | | |h (ğ) |
| | rowspan="4" | -we | |
| | -(u)n, -v(i) | |
| |- | | |- |
| | -bli | | !Slak |
| | -ima | | | |
| | -d(u), -(do)k | | |r |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| | -treng
| | !Sebyazannen |
| | -mir
| | | |
| | -s(or), -h(e)i | | |l |
| |- | | |y |
| | -(y)ena | | |w |
| | -(i)ma(we)n, -en(d)ê | | | |
| |''li suruko char -(y)ena festako, nasi "na" na haji surujin.'' | |
| |} | | |} |
| '''ttb:'''
| |
|
| |
|
| *un nai xiru dan. = ''xirudannain.''
| | Kakutropos per sebyazan awen mellantroposlik. |
| *dok vil mir nam we? = ''vilok nammirwe?''
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| *un nai deki hanu dan afto. = ''hanudankinain afto.''
| | ! |
| f '''tingko''' es na unna.
| | !Fura |
| {| class="wikitable" | | !Mellan |
| |+f tingko
| | !Hina |
| !plas
| |
| !aftoko
| |
| !ak/nai
| |
| !char/yamm
| |
| !lasku | |
| !licko | |
| !tingko | |
| !charjin<ref>gruun charjin awen tingko, afto tel ruul duaibmaki f tuo.</ref> | |
| !(plas)<ref>plas f tingko deki seyena iñe qigauqigau plas.</ref>
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |her
| | ! Oba |
| |∅
| | |i í |
| | rowspan="2" |∅
| | | |
| | rowspan="2" |cha(r)-
| | |u ú |
| |ma(nge)-
| |
| | rowspan="4" |(yokulicko)-
| |
| | rowspan="4" |(ko) | |
| | rowspan="4" |(fu + yokucharjin) | |
| |her | |
| |- | | |- |
| |der
| | !Mellan |
| |afto | | |e é |
| |apa(r)- | | |ı ï |
| |der | | |o ó |
| |- | | |- |
| |hapigo
| | !Una |
| |tuo
| | | |
| | rowspan="2" |nai-
| | |a á |
| | rowspan="2" |yam(m)-
| | | |
| |nil-
| |
| |hapigo
| |
| |-
| |
| |(andêrplas)
| |
| |aso(ko) | |
| |(andêr lasku) | |
| |(andêrplas) | |
| |} | | |} |
| '''ttb:'''
| |
|
| |
|
| * her yamm kompyu f sor ka deki nai duaibma. = ''her yamkompyufs ka duaibmakinai.'' (os prosta: her yamm kompyu f syo ka duaibma kinai.)<hr />
| |
| <references /> | | <references /> |