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| yaa aljin! un jiyo, ein lerajin, leradanun viossa per akotê 3 muai ima. endên apar ñojin, mena un imawen leradan mangemange ting tsui viossa.
| | <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Zsiyo}}</noinclude> |
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| vintuadag (sintudag men f viossa) f un 27d vapamuai 2022t (zamisalijin). hanukin anglossa, jongossa, au apar mêlayossa.
| | Yá aldok! Un '''Zsiyo'''zsin, a un poleradan Viossa per akote tre toszi ima. Na 2025t, un dan poborte Viossadiskord, men posuruk ima per benglera a bengopeta! |
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| gustun mach machossa, spil hammasbasu, kaku kompyudwaibma auau.
| | Vintuadánui ti 27d 8m 2022t. Un hanuki anglossa, putonghwossa, a apar malayossa. |
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| ==zantumam== | | Un yuentena [[leksember 2022|Leksember 2022t]] inemade, a ainlatena [[Davi hanu!|''Davi hanu!'']] 40s telraz made. Yoktel fu [https://duostories.org/vios-vios Duovimi] a al hazsikaku fu [[Leksember 2023]] run un awen! |
| yamm unna zantumam f un.
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | Mena, lestedua '''opeta''' viossa noyazsin made. Idaunker kara, un dua apu hei anyansıng dokoa helenázma viossain. |
| |+midzan tumam
| | |
| | ==Zan au kaku== |
| | |
| | Afto zsangnen mahaklarti zantropos a kakutropos fu ovornui. |
| | |
| | ===Zantropos=== |
| | |
| | ====Mitzan==== |
| | Afto skalla mkina mitzan ine ovornui. |
| | |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| | ! |
| | !Lepa |
| | |
| | !Alvyol |
| | !Payatsi |
| | !Ngangi |
| | !Orla |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="2" |midzan!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa | | !Hana |
| ! colspan="2" |alviol!! colspan="2" |alviolkruxa
| | |m |
| ! colspan="2" |hinakruxa
| |
| !gorla
| |
| |-
| |
| !fal→
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |hana
| |
| |
| |
| |m|| | |
| |n | | |n |
| | ||ɲ | | |(ɲ) |
| |
| |
| |ŋ | | |ŋ |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |bamba | | !Bamba |
| |p||b||t||d | | |p b |
| | |t d |
| | | | | |
| | ||k||ɡ
| | |k |
| |(ʔ)
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |bambadefendo
| |
| | style="background: silver;" |
| |
| | style="background: silver;" | ||t͡s||d͡z
| |
| |t͡ɕ
| |
| |d͡ʑ
| |
| | style="background: silver;" |
| |
| | style="background: silver;" |
| |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" | fendo | | !Bamfendo |
| |f||v||s||z
| | |
| |ɕ
| |
| |(ʑ)<ref>mono yamm iñe [d͡ʑ], li nai altid kawari na [ɕ]</ref>||x||
| |
| |h
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |r-lik zan
| |
| | | | | |
| | |ts |
| | |(tɕ) |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |ɾ | | |- |
| | !Fendo |
| | |f v |
| | |s z |
| | |ɕ ʑ |
| | | | | |
| | |h (ɦ) |
| | |- |
| | !Slak |
| | | | | |
| | |ɾ |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |sebiazannen | | !Sebyazannen |
| |
| |
| |w
| |
| | | | | |
| |l | | |l |
| |
| |
| |j | | |j |
| | | | |w ~ ɰ |
| |
| |
| | | | | |
| |} | | |} |
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | */t͡s/ a /s/ deki zanena na [t͡ɕ] a [ɕ] koske akote furalik sebyazan os na mitzanklani. Nil manipari yam mellan [t͡s] au [t͡ɕ]. |
| |+ sebiazan tumam
| | */d͡ʑ/ a /ʑ/ pospara [ʑ] made imagoro. |
| | */h/ deki zanena na [ɦ] os nil na mellan fu ni sebyazan. |
| | */ɦ/ deki zanena fanszuka: [j] akote furalik sebyazan, [ɦ] akote andra sebyazan, [ɣ] akote mitzan, a mae andra. Soe run /g/ na dan. |
| | |
| | ====Sebyazan ==== |
| | Na kundur, sebyazan ovornui ine nai tak klar. Yanna ó sebyazan ka altid umdaus na komsa, a ein mellanlik sebyazan ka fanszuka na kutsiplas–soe dekti kraizena os nai, a dekti obalik os mellanlik na pikkatai. |
| | |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| | ! |
| | !Fura |
| | !Mellan |
| | !Hina |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="2" |sebiazan | | !Oba |
| !plas→!! colspan="2" |fura!!mellan
| | |i iː |
| !hina
| | | |
| | |ɯ ɯː |
| |- | | |- |
| !fal→!!naikraislik !!kraislik!!naikraislik!!kraislik | | !Mellan |
| | |e eː |
| | |ɘ ɘː |
| | |o oː |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |oba | | !Una |
| |i | | | |
| |y|| | | |a aː |
| |ɯ~u | | | |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |mellan
| |
| | ɛ~e|| (ø)<ref>nai yamm iñe ko, men deki hanuyena koske [y] bli plusunnalik.</ref>|||ə||ɔ~o
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |unna
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| | colspan="4" |a~ɑ
| |
| |} | | |} |
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| |
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| === zanruul ===
| | *Pikka sebyazan dekti hanuyena lik niraz sebyazan: na tato, /iː/ deki zanena lik /i.i/. |
| | *Huwiya fu mellanlik sebyazan /ɘ/ mae tun. Na lavna, soe run /y ø/ na dan. |
| | * /ɯ/ yanti mae likzan. Akote niltid soe [u] na vir. |
| | */a/ long hel unaspésu. Soe deki [ɑ] os [ɐ] na strani. |
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| * nai yamm nirazmidzan au kataisebiazan.
| | =====Tsui /ɘ/===== |
| * /n/, /t/, /d/ deki bli hammaslik ([n̪], [t̪], [d̪]) de au za /ɾ/.
| | Asoko sebyazan mae trelo. |
| * /p/, /t/, /k/ deki bli [p̚], [t̚], [k̚] na owari silba; /b/, /d/, /g/ deki bli [p], [t], [k] na owari silba.
| |
| * deki yamm [ʔ] na mellan ni sebiazan iñe qigau silba. (ttb: fu un [fɨʔun])
| |
| * /ɾ/ deki bli [r] za midzan.
| |
| * /x/ deki bli [χ] za unnalik sebiazan, [ç] za obalik sebiazan.
| |
| * /j/ deki bli [ʝ] de /i/ os /y/.
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| ==kakutro==
| | Na danovornui, snano sebyazan /y ø/ umdaus na mae koto. Za ryó hei sparayena na /ø/ made, afto sebyazan utenkraizenabli na yok mellanlik sebyazan made. Na andra, afto noya sebyazan run utenasobna fu /e/ na kotówari. Ryó verszo tsiaunen: na yottid, eins verszo ende kraizena [ɘ~ɞ] ⟨ı⟩, ale nis verszo niltid komsa [ɘ~ə] ⟨ı~a⟩. |
| unna yamm kakutro f un. yamm mange tro f kaku sama zan.
| |
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| ===alfakrun===
| | Na danmoszt, eins verszo [ɘ~ɞ] ⟨ı⟩ popikkabli na kotoba ka yamdan ''*-ør'' na amlvanois. /ɾ/ pohnopit, sit lasayena [ɵː~ɞː] ⟨ï⟩ na owari: na tato, ''*spør'' > ''spï'' [spɞː], au *''høre'' > ''hï'' [hɞɦɞ]. |
| yamm ni fal f alfakrun --- gammel au ño. ting iñe '''midori''' es kawari.
| |
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| {| class="wikitable" | | ===Kakutropos=== |
| |+alfakrun (ñotro)
| | Kakutropos na ovornui akote mellanlik. Nilting komsa kalap yanna her. |
| !a
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| !b
| | ! |
| !c
| | !Lepa |
| !d
| | !Alvyol |
| !e
| | !Payatsi |
| !style="background:LightGreen" |ê
| | !Ngangi |
| !f
| | !Orla |
| !g | |
| !h | |
| !i | |
| !j | |
| !k
| |
| !l
| |
| !m
| |
| !n
| |
| !style="background:LightGreen" |ñ
| |
| !o
| |
| !(ö)
| |
| !p
| |
| !style="background:LightGreen" |q
| |
| !r
| |
| !s
| |
| !t
| |
| !u
| |
| !style="background:LightGreen" |ü
| |
| !v
| |
| !w
| |
| !style="background:LightGreen" |x
| |
| !y | |
| !z | |
| |- | | |- |
| |a~ɑ
| | !Hana |
| |b
| |
| |style="background:LightGreen" |k~t͡s<ref>/k/ mono yamm iñe mangeraz midzan ka '''awen char bambamidzan''', li nai de /t͡s/.</ref>
| |
| |d
| |
| |style="background:LightGreen" |ɛ~e~ə
| |
| |ə
| |
| |ɸ~f
| |
| | g
| |
| |h
| |
| |i~j
| |
| |style="background:LightGreen" |d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ
| |
| |k
| |
| |l
| |
| |m | | |m |
| |n | | |n |
| |ɲ | | | |
| |ɔ~o | | |ng |
| |(œ~ø) | | | |
| |p
| |
| |t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ
| |
| |ɾ~r
| |
| |s
| |
| |t
| |
| |ɯ~u~w
| |
| |y
| |
| |v
| |
| |w
| |
| |ɕ~ʃ
| |
| |style="background:LightGreen" |j
| |
| |z
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+alfakrun (''gammëltro'')
| |
| !a
| |
| !b
| |
| !c
| |
| !d
| |
| !e
| |
| !ë
| |
| !f
| |
| !g
| |
| !h
| |
| !i
| |
| !j
| |
| !k
| |
| !l
| |
| ! m
| |
| !n
| |
| !o
| |
| !(ö)
| |
| !p
| |
| !r
| |
| !s
| |
| !t
| |
| !u
| |
| !v
| |
| !w
| |
| !y
| |
| !z
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |a~ɑ
| | !Bamba |
| |b | | |p b |
| |t͡s | | |t d |
| |d
| | | |
| |ɛ~e | |
| |ə
| |
| |ɸ~f
| |
| |g
| |
| |h
| |
| |i~j
| |
| |j
| |
| |k | | |k |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | !Bamfendo |
| | | |
| | |ts |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | !Fendo |
| | |f v |
| | |s z |
| | |sz zs |
| | | |
| | |h (ğ) |
| | |- |
| | !Slak |
| | | |
| | |r |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | !Sebyazannen |
| | | |
| |l | | |l |
| |m | | |y |
| |n
| |
| |ɔ~o
| |
| |(œ~ø)
| |
| |p
| |
| |ɾ~r
| |
| |s
| |
| |t
| |
| |ɯ~u~w
| |
| |v
| |
| |w | | |w |
| |y | | | |
| |z
| |
| |} | | |} |
|
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| awen yamm nirazkirain au treirazkirain. ting iñe '''rü''' nai brukena iñe ñotro, '''midori''' mono brukena iñe ñotro, '''kiero''' yokutid brukena iñe ñotro. | | Kakutropos per sebyazan awen mellantroposlik. |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| |+mangerazkirain
| | ! |
| !ch
| | !Fura |
| ! style="background:LightCoral" |cs
| | !Mellan |
| !dz
| | !Hina |
| ! style="background:LightCoral" |dzs
| |
| !ng
| |
| ! style="background:LemonChiffon" |nj
| |
| ! style="background:LightGreen" |sc | |
| ! style="background:LemonChiffon" | sz | |
| ! style="background:LightGreen" |ts | |
| ! style="background:LightCoral" |(zs) | |
| |- | | |- |
| |x
| | ! Oba |
| |t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ | | |i í |
| |d͡z
| | | |
| |d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ
| | |u ú |
| |ŋ
| |
| |ɲ
| |
| |ɕk~ʃk
| |
| |ɕ~ʃ
| |
| |t͡s
| |
| | (ʑ~ʒ) | |
| |} | |
| | |
| === anderruul===
| |
| yokutid awen yamm mit akyut kirain (á, é, í, ó, ú, ű) f jongsilba (ttb: ákkurat, ocháre) mena afto mangetid mono koske opeta.
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| | |
| ==hanutro==
| |
| mangetid ('''nai altid''') brukun festako os tsunagako, danki na [https://vikoli.org/Brukdjin:Lumakot_Luna/lk#Glossaruul glossaruul f lunamik]. f suruko charun afto.
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| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+f suruko
| |
| !da
| |
| !suruko
| |
| !yena
| |
| !vil/treng<ref>li "vil", "bli", "treng" iñe fras sebia suruko, afto ruul duaibmatrengnai.</ref>
| |
| !tid
| |
| !deki
| |
| !ak/nai
| |
| !spür
| |
| !surujin
| |
| !mono/awen
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="3" |da-
| | !Mellan |
| | rowspan="3" |(ko)
| | |e é |
| | rowspan="3" | -(y)ena- | | |ı ï |
| | -vil- | | |o ó |
| | -dan-, -ha(ji)-<ref name=":0">owari au haji wenkibli suruko. li afto, -dan, -ima au -mir bli za owari au haji.</ref> | |
| | -ki-
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -nai-
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -we-
| |
| | -(u)n-, -v(i)-
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -mon(o)-, -(a)wen-
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | -bli-
| | !Una |
| | -ima-, -imau(en)-, -en(d)ê-
| | | |
| | -tsa-
| | |a á |
| | -d(u)-, -(do)k-
| | | |
| |-
| |
| | -treng-
| |
| | -mir-, -(owa)ri-<ref name=":0" /> | |
| | -ti- | |
| | -s(or)-, -h(e)i- | |
| |} | | |} |
| '''ttb:'''
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| * un nai xiru dan. = ''xirudannain.''
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| *dok vil mir nam we? = ''vilk nammirwe?''
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| *un nai deki hanu dan afto. = ''hanudankinain afto.''
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| *deki nai we vi spil? = ''spilkinaiwev?''<hr />
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| <references /> | | <references /> |