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| yaa aljin! un jiyo / kiki / geo(metric) / 葉, ein lerajin, leradanun viossa per akote 4 muai ima. enden apar nyojin, mena un imawen leradan mangemange ting tsui viossa.
| | <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Zsiyo}}</noinclude> |
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| vintuadag (sintudag men f viossa) f un 27d vapamuai 2022t (zamisalijin). hanukin anglossa, jongossa, au apar melayossa.
| | Yá aldok! Un '''Zsiyo'''zsin, a un poleradan Viossa per akote tre toszi ima. Na 2025t, un dan poborte Viossadiskord, men posuruk ima per benglera a bengopeta! |
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| gustun mah mahossa, spil hammasbasu, kaku kompyudwaibma auau.
| | Vintuadánui ti 27d 8m 2022t. Un hanuki anglossa, putonghwossa, a apar malayossa. |
|
| |
|
| ==zantumam==
| | Un yuentena [[leksember 2022|Leksember 2022t]] inemade, a ainlatena [[Davi hanu!|''Davi hanu!'']] 40s telraz made. Yoktel fu [https://duostories.org/vios-vios Duovimi] a al hazsikaku fu [[Leksember 2023]] run un awen! |
| yamm unna zantumam f un.
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | Mena, lestedua '''opeta''' viossa noyazsin made. Idaunker kara, un dua apu hei anyansıng dokoa helenázma viossain. |
| |+midzan tumam
| | |
| | ==Zan au kaku== |
| | |
| | Afto zsangnen mahaklarti zantropos a kakutropos fu ovornui. |
| | |
| | ===Zantropos=== |
| | |
| | ====Mitzan==== |
| | Afto skalla mkina mitzan ine ovornui. |
| | |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| | ! |
| | !Lepa |
| | |
| | !Alvyol |
| | !Payatsi |
| | !Ngangi |
| | !Orla |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="2" |tropos↓!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa | | !Hana |
| ! colspan="2" |alviol!! colspan="2" |alviolkrüxa
| | |m |
| ! colspan="2" |hinakrüxa
| |
| !gorla
| |
| |-
| |
| !fal→
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |hana
| |
| |
| |
| |m|| | |
| |n | | |n |
| | ||ɲ | | |(ɲ) |
| |
| |
| |ŋ | | |ŋ |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |bamba | | !Bamba |
| |p||b||t||d | | |p b |
| | |t d |
| | | | | |
| | ||k||ɡ
| | |k |
| |ʔ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |bambadefendo
| |
| ||
| |
| || ||t͡s||d͡z
| |
| |t͡ɕ
| |
| |d͡ʑ
| |
| ||
| |
| ||
| |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |r-lik zan | | !Bamfendo |
| | |
| | | | | |
| | |ts |
| | |(tɕ) |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |ɾ | | |- |
| | !Fendo |
| | |f v |
| | |s z |
| | |ɕ ʑ |
| | | | | |
| | |h (ɦ) |
| | |- |
| | !Slak |
| | | | | |
| | |ɾ |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |fendo | | !Sebyazannen |
| ||f
| |
| ||v||s
| |
| |z
| |
| |ɕ
| |
| |ʑ
| |
| ||(x)
| |
| ||
| |
| |h
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | sebiazannen
| |
| |
| |
| |w
| |
| | | | | |
| |l | | |l |
| |
| |
| |j | | |j |
| | | | |w ~ ɰ |
| |
| |
| | | | | |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| | */t͡s/ a /s/ deki zanena na [t͡ɕ] a [ɕ] koske akote furalik sebyazan os na mitzanklani. Nil manipari yam mellan [t͡s] au [t͡ɕ]. |
| |+sebiazan tumam
| | */d͡ʑ/ a /ʑ/ pospara [ʑ] made imagoro. |
| |-
| | */h/ deki zanena na [ɦ] os nil na mellan fu ni sebyazan. |
| ! rowspan="2" | katai↓
| | */ɦ/ deki zanena fanszuka: [j] akote furalik sebyazan, [ɦ] akote andra sebyazan, [ɣ] akote mitzan, a mae andra. Soe run /g/ na dan. |
| !plas→!! colspan="2" | fura!!mellan
| |
| !hina
| |
| |-
| |
| !fal→!!naikrais!!kraislepa!!naikrais!!kraislepa
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | oba
| |
| |i(ː)
| |
| |y(ː)|| colspan="2" | ɨ~ʉ~ɯ~u(ː)<ref>/u/ her aparlik /u/ inye nihonossa, yokutid deki mellanlik, os naikraislik, os ryoho.</ref>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | mellan
| |
| |ɛ(ː)~e(ː)||ø(ː)|||(ə)<ref>mono yamm iñe naijongsilba, doko /e/ na haji.</ref>||ɔ(ː)~o(ː)
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | unna
| |
| | |
| | colspan="4" | a(ː)~ɑ(ː)
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ===zanruul=== | | ====Sebyazan ==== |
| *yamki [ʔ] na mellan ni sebiazan inye qigau silba. (ttb: fu un [fɨʔun])
| | Na kundur, sebyazan ovornui ine nai tak klar. Yanna ó sebyazan ka altid umdaus na komsa, a ein mellanlik sebyazan ka fanszuka na kutsiplas–soe dekti kraizena os nai, a dekti obalik os mellanlik na pikkatai. |
| */p/, /t/, /k/ kibli [p̚], [t̚], [k̚]; /b/, /d/, /g/ kibli [p], [t], [k] na owari silba os inye 2razmidzan. (ttb: likko [li̠ʔko])
| |
| */n/, /t/, /d/ kibli hammaslik ([n̪], [t̪], [d̪]) de au za /ɾ/.
| |
| */h/ kibli [x~χ] za unnalik sebiazan os inye mangefestamidzan, [ç] za obalik sebiazan.
| |
| */ɾ/ kibli [r] za midzan.
| |
| */j/ kibli [ʝ] de /i/ os /y/.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==kakutro==
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| unna yamm kakutro f un. yamm mange tro f kaku sama zan.
| | ! |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | !Fura |
| |+alfakrun
| | !Mellan |
| !a
| | !Hina |
| !b
| |
| !d
| |
| !dz
| |
| !e | |
| !f | |
| !g | |
| !h | |
| |- | | |- |
| |a~ɑ
| | !Oba |
| |b
| | |i iː |
| |d
| | | |
| |d͡z
| | |ɯ ɯː |
| |ɛ~e~ə
| |
| |f~ɸ
| |
| |g
| |
| |h~x
| |
| |-
| |
| !i
| |
| !j
| |
| !k | |
| !l
| |
| !m
| |
| !n
| |
| !ng
| |
| !ny
| |
| |-
| |
| |i~j | |
| |d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ
| |
| |k
| |
| |l
| |
| |m
| |
| |n
| |
| |ŋ
| |
| |ɲ
| |
| |-
| |
| !o
| |
| !ø / ö
| |
| ! p
| |
| !q
| |
| !r
| |
| !s
| |
| !sz / x
| |
| !t
| |
| |-
| |
| |ɔ~o
| |
| | œ~ø
| |
| |p
| |
| |t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ
| |
| |ɾ~r
| |
| |s
| |
| |ɕ~ʃ | |
| |t
| |
| |-
| |
| !ts
| |
| | |
| !u
| |
| !ü
| |
| !v
| |
| !w
| |
| !y
| |
| !z
| |
| !zs
| |
| |-
| |
| |t͡s
| |
| |ɯ~u~w | |
| |y
| |
| |v
| |
| |w
| |
| |ʝ~j / y
| |
| |z
| |
| |ʑ~ʒ
| |
| |- | | |- |
| !' | | !Mellan |
| !
| | |e eː |
| !
| | |ɘ ɘː |
| !
| | |o oː |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |ʔ~p̚~t̚~k̚
| | !Una |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | | | | |
| | |a aː |
| | | | | |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| ==== anderruul ==== | | *Pikka sebyazan dekti hanuyena lik niraz sebyazan: na tato, /iː/ deki zanena lik /i.i/. |
| *bruk mit akyut kirain (á, é, í, ó, ú, ű, ő) f kataisebiazan.
| | *Huwiya fu mellanlik sebyazan /ɘ/ mae tun. Na lavna, soe run /y ø/ na dan. |
| *yokutid awen yamm mit grav kirain (à, è, ì, ò, ù) f jongsilba (ttb: ohàre), mena afto mangetid mono koske opeta.
| | * /ɯ/ yanti mae likzan. Akote niltid soe [u] na vir. |
| *bruk ''i'' au ''u'' per /j/ au /w/ inye 2sebiazankláni, os za midzan. (ttb: ''nam'''ai''''', '''''mi'''etta'')
| | */a/ long hel unaspésu. Soe deki [ɑ] os [ɐ] na strani. |
| *'''al''' 2razkirain hanuyena lik zan f hei inye alplas. (ttb: ''ma'''ng'''e, '''ng'''uo'''ng''''' ende hanuyena /ma.ŋe/, /ŋwoŋ/) | | |
| **li zol, br''<nowiki/>''u''<nowiki/>''k '''-''' per mahklár li hei hanuyena na sebia kirain. | | =====Tsui /ɘ/===== |
| | Asoko sebyazan mae trelo. |
| | |
| | Na danovornui, snano sebyazan /y ø/ umdaus na mae koto. Za ryó hei sparayena na /ø/ made, afto sebyazan utenkraizenabli na yok mellanlik sebyazan made. Na andra, afto noya sebyazan run utenasobna fu /e/ na kotówari. Ryó verszo tsiaunen: na yottid, eins verszo ende kraizena [ɘ~ɞ] ⟨ı⟩, ale nis verszo niltid komsa [ɘ~ə] ⟨ı~a⟩. |
| | |
| | Na danmoszt, eins verszo [ɘ~ɞ] ⟨ı⟩ popikkabli na kotoba ka yamdan ''*-ør'' na amlvanois. /ɾ/ pohnopit, sit lasayena [ɵː~ɞː] ⟨ï⟩ na owari: na tato, ''*spør'' > ''spï'' [spɞː], au *''høre'' > ''hï'' [hɞɦɞ]. |
|
| |
|
| ===кирилкаку / kirilkaku=== | | ===Kakutropos=== |
| аўен йамм кирилкаку. (''<nowiki/>''т''<nowiki/>''ўо най брукена, груун харнай таста ф афто.) / awen yamm kirilkaku. (tuo nai brukena, grún harnai tasta f afto.)
| | Kakutropos na ovornui akote mellanlik. Nilting komsa kalap yanna her. |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| |+алфакрұн
| | ! |
| !а
| | !Lepa |
| !б
| | !Alvyol |
| !в
| | !Payatsi |
| !г
| | !Ngangi |
| !д
| | !Orla |
| !ѕ
| |
| !е
| |
| !з
| |
| |-
| |
| |a~ɑ
| |
| |b
| |
| |v
| |
| |g
| |
| | d
| |
| |d͡z
| |
| |ɛ~e~ə
| |
| |z
| |
| |-
| |
| !и
| |
| !ј / й
| |
| !к | |
| !л | |
| !м | |
| !н | |
| !њ | |
| !ҥ | |
| |- | | |- |
| |i~j
| | !Hana |
| |j
| |
| |k
| |
| |l
| |
| |m | | |m |
| |n | | |n |
| |ɲ
| |
| |ŋ
| |
| |-
| |
| !o
| |
| ! ө
| |
| !п
| |
| !р
| |
| !с
| |
| !т
| |
| !у / ұ
| |
| !ԝ / ў
| |
| |-
| |
| |ɔ~o
| |
| |œ~ø
| |
| |p
| |
| |ɾ~r
| |
| |s
| |
| |t
| |
| |ɯ~u~w
| |
| |w
| |
| |-
| |
| !ү
| |
| !ф
| |
| !х
| |
| ! ц
| |
| !ч
| |
| !џ / ђ
| |
| !ш
| |
| !ж
| |
| |-
| |
| |y
| |
| |f~ɸ
| |
| |h~x
| |
|
| |
| |t͡s
| |
| |t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ
| |
| |d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ
| |
| |ɕ~ʃ
| |
| |ʑ~ʒ
| |
| |-
| |
| !ъ
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| |-
| |
| |ʔ~p̚~t̚~k̚
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | | | | |
| | |ng |
| | | | | |
| | |- |
| | !Bamba |
| | |p b |
| | |t d |
| | | | | |
| | |k |
| | | | | |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| === اربککو / arabkaku ===
| |
| unna yamm arabkaku f un. (gien, harnai-n tasta.)
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |midzan!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa
| |
| ! colspan="2" |alviol!! colspan="2" |alviolkrüxa
| |
| ! colspan="2" |hinakrüxa
| |
| !gorla
| |
| |-
| |
| !fal→
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| !mitkoi
| |
| !utenkoi
| |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |hana | | !Bamfendo |
| | | | | |
| |م|| | | |ts |
| |ن
| |
| | ||ڽ
| |
| | | | | |
| |ڠ
| |
| | | | | |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |bamba
| |
| |پ||ب||ت||د
| |
| | | | | |
| | ||ک||گ
| |
| |ء
| |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |bambadefendo | | !Fendo |
| || | | |f v |
| || ||ط||ص | | |s z |
| |چ | | |sz zs |
| |ج
| |
| ||
| |
| ||
| |
| | | | | |
| | |h (ğ) |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |r-lik zan | | !Slak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | | | | |
| |ر | | |r |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |fendo
| |
| ||ف
| |
| ||ۏ||س
| |
| |ز
| |
| |ش
| |
| |ژ
| |
| ||
| |
| ||
| |
| |ح
| |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" | sebiazannen | | !Sebyazannen |
| |
| |
| |ۋ
| |
| |
| |
| |ل
| |
| |
| |
| |ي
| |
| |
| |
| | | | | |
| | |l |
| | |y |
| | |w |
| | | | | |
| |} | | |} |
| sebiazan har 2 tro f hei. eins, sebiazan nai altid kakena; nis, sebiazan altid kakena, samalik hél alfakrún.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==== sebiazan (1s tro) ====
| | Kakutropos per sebyazan awen mellantroposlik. |
| kirain altid na kirainkleya oba midzankirain. li nai yamm midzankirain, bruk ا (alif).
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | ! |
| | !Fura |
| | !Mellan |
| | !Hina |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="2" | sz (1s) | | ! Oba |
| !plas→!! colspan="2" | fura!!mellan
| | |i í |
| !hina
| | | |
| | |u ú |
| |- | | |- |
| !fal→!!naikrais!!kraislepa!!naikrais!!kraislepa | | !Mellan |
| | |e é |
| | |ı ï |
| | |o ó |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" | oba | | !Una |
| |اِ
| | | |
| |اِ|| colspan="2" | اُ
| | |a á |
| |-
| | | |
| ! colspan="2" | mellan
| |
| |اِ||اُ||| ||اُ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | unna
| |
| | |
| | colspan="4" | اَ
| |
| |}
| |
| f kataisebiazan os nirazsebiazan (lik ''ai''), bruk ein kirain (ی os و) za mitkirainkleyamidzankirain.
| |
| | |
| (li nai deki tasta kirainkleya, deki awen bruk ی os و kirain.)
| |
| | |
| ==== sebiazan (2s tro) ====
| |
| al sebiazan kakena.
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | sz (2s)
| |
| !plas→!! colspan="2" | fura!!mellan
| |
| !hina
| |
| |-
| |
| !fal→!!naikrais!!kraislepa!!naikrais!!kraislepa
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | oba
| |
| |ى
| |
| |ۉ|| colspan="2" | و
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | mellan
| |
| |ە||ۅ||| ||ؤ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | unna
| |
| | |
| | colspan="4" | ا
| |
| |}
| |
| bruk '''szaddah''' f kataisebiazan.
| |
| | |
| ==== andrarúl ====
| |
| | |
| * bruk østarab laskukirain.
| |
| * '''szaddah''' f gienmidzan.
| |
| | |
| ==hanutro==
| |
| mangetid ('''nai altid''') brukun festako os tsunagako, danki na [https://vikoli.org/Brukdjin:Lumakot_Luna/lk#Glossaruul glossaruul f lunamik]. f suruko harun afto.
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |+f suruko
| |
| !da
| |
| !suruko
| |
| !yena
| |
| !vil/treng<ref>li "vil", "bli", "treng" iñe fras sebia suruko, afto ruul duaibmatrengnai.</ref>
| |
| !tid
| |
| !deki
| |
| !ak/nai
| |
| !spür
| |
| !surujin
| |
| !mono/awen
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="3" |da-
| |
| | rowspan="3" |(ko)
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -(y)ena-
| |
| | -vil- | |
| | -dan-, -ha(ji)- | |
| | -ki-
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -nai-
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -we-
| |
| | -(u)n-, -v(i)-
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -mon(o)-, -(a)wen-
| |
| |-
| |
| | -bli-
| |
| | -ima-, -imau(en)-, -en(d)e-
| |
| | -tsa-
| |
| | -d(u)-, -(do)k-
| |
| |-
| |
| | -treng-
| |
| | -mir-, -(owa)ri-
| |
| | -ti-
| |
| | -s(or)-, -h(e)i- | |
| |} | | |} |
| '''ttb:'''
| |
|
| |
|
| *un nai xiru dan. = ''xirudannain.''
| |
| *dok vil mir nam we? = ''vilk nammirwe?''
| |
| *un nai deki hanu dan afto. = ''hanudankinain afto.''
| |
| *deki nai we vi spil? = ''spilkinaiwev?''
| |
| <references /> | | <references /> |