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Dzsijo

Joined 4 f’Śägmuai 2022
Brukdjin lehti Tsuihanu
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(85 kawariya namellan na sama brukdjin nai aukiyena)
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ya aljin! un jiyo, ao leradan vyossa per akote 6 mwae.
<noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Jiyo}}</noinclude>


una vintwadag 27d 8m 2022t (za-misaljin). hanukin angglossa, jongguossa, ao lera malayossa ima.
Ya aldok! Un '''Jiyo'''jin, a un poleradan Viossa per akote ni tośi ima.


gust maha mahossa, szpil hammasbasu, ao kaku kompyudwaebma.
Vintuadâ fu un i 27d 8m 2022t. Un hanuki Anglossa a Putongossa, awen lera un Malayossa na śkola imangoro. Un spil hammasbaksu, a kaku kompyudvaima. Un yugentena [[leksember 2022|Leksember 2022t]] inemade, a ainlatena [[Davi hanu!|''Davi hanu!'']] 40s telraz made. Yoku tel fu [https://duostories.org/vios-vios Duovimi] awen grun un tte, a husketsa [[Leksember 2023]]!


==zantumam==
==Zan ao kaku==
 
Afto jang mahaklarti yokyok zantropos a kakutropos govor fu un ine.
 
===Zantropos ===
 
==== Mitzan ====
Afto skalla mkina mitzan ine ungovor.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
!Lepa
!Alvyol
!Palyatsi
!Ngangi
!Gorla
|-
!Hana
|m
|n
|ɲ
| ŋ
|
|-
!Bamba
|p&nbsp;&nbsp;b
|t&nbsp;&nbsp;d
|
|k
|
|-
!Bamfendo
|
|t͡s
|t͡ɕ&nbsp;&nbsp;d͡ʑ
|
|
|-
!Fendo
| f&nbsp;&nbsp;v
|s&nbsp;&nbsp;z
|ɕ&nbsp;&nbsp;ʑ
|ɣ
|h
|-
!Slak
|
| ɾ
|
|
|
|-
!Sebyazannen
|
|l
| j
|w
|
|}
 
* /t͡s/ a /s/ deki zanena na [t͡ɕ] a [ɕ] koske akote furalik sebyazan os na mitzanklani.
*/d͡ʑ/ a /ʑ/ sparana [ʑ] made imangoro.
*/h/ deki zanena na [ɦ] os nil na mellan fu ni sebyazan.
*/ɣ/ deki zanena fanśuka: [j] akote furalik sebyazan, [ɰ] akote andra sebyazan, a mãe andra.
 
====Sebyazan====
Na kundur, sebyazan na govor fu un nai tak klar. Yanna go sebyazan ka altid slutśa na komsa, a ein mellanlik sebyazan ka tśiyao na tśiyao plas–sore dekti kraisena os nai, obalik os mellanlik na pikkatai.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
! fura
!mellan
!hina
|-
!oba
|i
|
|ɯ
|-
!mellan
|e
|ɘ
|o
|-
!unna
|
| a
|
|}
 
* /i/ bliti [ɪ] koske nai asobena. Na naota, /e/ ao /o/ bliti [ɛ] ao [ɤ] koske nai asobena.
* /ɯ/ yamti mange likzan. Akote niltid sore [u] na gvir.
* /a/ long hel unnaspeisu; sore deki [ɑ] os [ɐ] na strani.
 
===Kakutropos===
Kakutropos na govor fu un akote mellanlik. Nilting komsa kalap yanna her.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+mitzan
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |tropos↓!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa
! rowspan="2" |tropos↓!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa
! colspan="2" |alvyol<ref>hammaslik os alvyolik.</ref>!! colspan="2" |palyatsi
! colspan="2" |alvyol!! colspan="2" |palyatsi  
! colspan="2" |ngangi
! colspan="2" |ngangi
! colspan="2" |gorlanen
!gorla
|-
|-
!fal→
! koi→
! uten
!mit
!uten
!uten
!mit
!mit
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!mit
!mit
!uten
!uten
!mit
!uten
!mit
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |hana
! colspan="2" |hana
|
|
|m||
|m||
| n
|n
| ||ɲ
| ||ny
|
|ŋ
|
|
|ng
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |bamba
! colspan="2" |bamba
|p||b||t||d
| p||b||t||d
|
|
| ||k|| ɡ
| ||k||
|(ʔ)<ref name=":0">yokutid afto zan yam koske bamba kataeyena, os na owari f silba.</ref>
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | bamfendo
! colspan="2" |bamfendo  
||
| |
|| ||t͡s||
| |||ts ||
|t͡ɕ
|tś
| d͡ʑ
| rowspan="2" |j
||
| |
||
| |
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |qis fendo
|
|
|s
|z
| ɕ
|ʑ
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |fendo
! colspan="2" |fendo
||f
| f||v||s||z
||v||
| ś|| ||g
|
|(ç)<ref>[ç] yamti grun /h/ na owarisilba.</ref>
|
|
|
|h
|h
| rowspan="2" |(ʁ̞)<ref>[ɦ] yamti grun /ɡ/ fuwaòze inye mellan f ni syazan.</ref>
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |syazannen
! colspan="2" |sebyazannen
|
|
|
|
|
|
| l
|
|
|
|y
| j
|
|
|w
|w
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | szlag
! colspan="2" |slak
|
|
|
|
|
|
|ɾ
|r
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |flanka
|
|
|
|l
|
|ʎ
|
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+sebyazan<ref name=":1">nae zettae li katae-syazan yam na gwir.</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" |katae↓
! plas→!! colspan="2" |fura!!mellan
! colspan="2" |hina
|-
!fal→!!uten!!kraes!!uten
!uten!!kraes
|-
! colspan="2" |oba
|i
|y||
| colspan="2" |u<ref name=":3">/u/ mangetid hørenalik [ɯ̟ᵝ] inye nihonossa.</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |mellan
|e || ø|||(ə)
| ||o
|-
! colspan="2" |unna
|(æ)
|
|a
|
|
|
|
|}
|}


===zanruru===
====Sebyazan====
*yamhti [ʔ] na mellan f sama syazan inye qigao silba. (ttb. f un [fɯˈʔɯn])<ref name=":0" />
Yam eksi ertśiyao sebyazan govor fu un ine. Al hei kakuyena na snano—''i u e o a'' per lestesnano go, ao ''ă'' os ''ø'' per "mellanlik" eksis.
*mangeraz /ptk/ blihti [p̚t̚k̚], na owari f silba os inye gyenmitzan.<ref name=":0" />
*/ɾ/ harhti mange fal, dehti r-lik zan mikava.


=== jongsilbatro ===
Na andra,


* jongsilba-qigaozma nyam, hata '''kírkas''' (💡) ao '''kirkás''' (🍺).  
* Hanayena sebyazan kakuyenati mit jarperpipo (ttb. ''ã'').
 
== kakutro ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+alfakrun
!a
!b
!d
!e
!f
|-
|a
|b
|d
|e~ə
|f
|-
!g
!h
!i
!j
!k
|-
|ɡ
|h~x
|i~j
|d͡ʑ
|k
|-
!l
!m
!n
!o
!ø, ö
|-
|l
|m
|n
|o
|ø
|-
!p
!q
!r
!s
!t
|-
|p
|t͡ɕ
|ɾ
|s
|t
|-
!u
!û, ü
!v
!w
!y
|-
|u~w
|y
|v
|w
|j
|-
!z
!(â, ê, ă)
!(ä)
!
!
|-
|z
|(ə)
|(æ)
|
|
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
*Tśiyazma mellan sebyazan mit hentina damellan [a.i] ao sebyazanklani [ai̯] nai mkiyena kakutropos ine.
|+plukiraenklani
!ae
!ao
! dzs
!oe
|-
|aj
|aw
|d͡ʑ
|oj
|-
!ng
!ny
!ly
!sz
|-
|ŋ
|ɲ
|ʎ
|ɕ
|-
!ts
!tsz
!ue
!zs
|-
|t͡s
|t͡ɕ
|wi~uj
|ʑ
|}


=== andraruru ===
*Li trengena (ttb. koske opetana), asobena sebyazan kakuyenaki mit akyutpipo, ttb. ''tsúite'', ''prokibtíbsem''.
*yókutid aoen yam mit akyút kiráen f jongsílba (ttb. '''''rí'''<nowiki/>'''n'''<nowiki/>'go''), men mángetid móno kóske opéta.
*grav brukena per mki ka syazan mus hanuyena na sebya. ''<nowiki/>''(ttb: tato'''''è'''''ba)
*''i'' ao ''u'' per /j/ ao /w/ inye syazanklani; ''y'' ao ''w'' per /j/ ao /w/ za mitzan. (ttb. ''m'''w'''ai'' os ''m'''w'''a'''e''''' dehti)
*al plukiraenklani hanuyena na heya zan na alplas. (ttb. ''ma'''ng'''e'' /ma.ŋe/)
**li zol, brukt'''<nowiki/>'''i '''<nowiki/>'''''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>'' p'''<nowiki/>'''er mahklar li he hanena na sebya kiraen. (ttb. ''rin'''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>'''g'''<nowiki/>'''o'')


== hanutro ==
====Tsui /g/====


yoktid brukti-n festako os tsunagako, dangki na [https://vikoli.org/Brukdjin:Lumakot_Luna/lk#Glossaruul glossaruru f lunamik]. unna yam tumam per al kotonen ka brukenati na un.
*Koske /g/ mellan ni sama sebyazan os na koowari, pipo antayena sebyazankirain obamade, ttb. ''*magazan'' > ''mâzan'', ''*dag'' > ''dâ''.
{| class="wikitable"
*Koske /g/ mellan ni tśiyao sebyazan, ''y'' kakuyena li pobli /j/; li nai ''g'' ende, ttb. ''*yugent'' > ''yugent'', men ''*yagi'' > ''yayi''.
|+kotobanen
*Na tolka os ine mitzanklani, /g/ kakuyena ''g'' na altid, ttb. ''grun'', ''gormoi''.
!kotonen
!imi
!tatøba
!tatøba (plu mellan)
|-
|an-
|sama "made", aoen sama "per" os "grun".
|ananta-n du gavat.
|un anta gavat du made.
|-
|ar-
|sama "kara".
|arsada-n rin'go du.
|un sada rin'go du kara.
|-
|al-
|sama "al".
|byurkivas na alplas imatid, dehtinae reforma.
| -
|-
|ba-
|suru mit "vil warue" myepye.
|oy! da nae basada spilvas f to lapsi!
|oy! da nae ikka spilvas f to lapsi!
|-
|beN-
|owaridan, men gyenhaji ima.
|grun ima qutitid, un deki benglera vyossa.
|grun ima qutitid, un deki gyenlera vyossa ima.
|-
|er-
|mange tak, lesteting, suru szinu made.
|tak stakkar ne! un vil erbenga...
|(yokting) tak stakkar! un vil benga tak.
|-
|faN-
|kuqipako. tak os mangemange.
|to kot fankawaì ne!
|to kot tak kawaì!
|-
|gyen-
|suru per andra raz.
|hanu ka da nae ogoè her, men to lapsi gyenogoè!
|un hanu ka lakinae ogoè her, men to lapsi ogoè gyen!
|-
|ha-
|sama "haji".
|haèrgo-n imadag.
|un haji ergo imadag.
|-
|maN-
|sama "mange".
|lera vyossa mangaste per yokjin.
|lera vyossa mange haste per yokjin.
|-
|po-
|owari / ende suru yokting.
|poanhanudan-n afto to lapsi.
|un ende hanudan afto to lapsi made.
|-
|raz-
|suru yokting mangeraz.
|afto warting razsluqadan ende, dehti dok fikswe?
|afto warue ting ende sluqadan per mangeraz, dekiti dok fikswe?
|-
|war-
|sama "warue", qigao na "ba-".
|oy! du warhanudan we, hanu ka du surudannae to?
|oy! du dan hanuwe ting ka nae prav, hanu ka du nae surudan to?
|-
| -anzsa
|seyena / hørena na tak.
|sore byurkianzsa, mye.
|un myetta ka sore seyena byurki.
|-
| -ena
|dlabdelvas per fras.
|rin'go namena, dare surudan?!
|yokjin namdan rin'go, dare?!
|-
| -d, -t<ref name=":2">paszkotonen deki aoen yam na haji f koto: ''d-lezeki'', ''w-ikkenahtella'', ''s-vupsidan.''</ref>
|sama "du".
|lerakit?
|du deki lera?
|-
| -dae
|sama "stur", os mangetak, mangejong.
|du yingdan, bradaene!
|mangebra ka du yingdan!
|-
| -dan
|sama "dan".
| -
| -
|-
| -h, -y<ref name=":2" />
|sama "he".
|furidany.
|he furidan.
|-
| -htella
|surudan mange bistra, os mit mange kalapazma.
|blin, geltkabang ikkenahtella.
|oy blin, geltkabang f un mange bistra ikka, szirunae doko os dare surudan.
|-
| -ima
|sama "ima".
| -
| -
|-
| -jin
|sama "perszun ka na tak" os "perszun ka suru tak".
|ergojin, szkolajin.
| -
|-
| -k<ref name=":2" />
|sama "dok".
|surudankwe?
|dok surudan (yokting) we?
|-
| -ki
|sama "deki".
|un leraki afto, mangyimper ne!
|un deki lera afto, afto mange simper!
|-
| -lan
|kundur "tsa". imi "un vil ka yokting sluqatinae".
|byurkilan!
|bite da nae bli byurki!
|-
| -lant
|sama "lant ka na tak" os "lant ka har perszun na tak".
|bakalant, vilant.
| -
|-
| -n<ref name=":2" />
|sama "un".
|szkeksotin.
|un ti szkoe ekso.
|-
| -nen
|sama "qisae", os mangawaì.
|da se to hûnnen, tak kawaì!
| -
|-
| -oze
|imi "maha suru" os "bli na tak".
|aqorozes lapsi.
|sore maha lapsi aqor.
|-
| -rae
|sama "mirae".
| -
| -
|-
| rowspan="2" | -s
|imi "plas inye paryad".
|1s perszun ''jiyo''.
|''jiyo'' perszun ka #1 inye paryad per suru yokting.
|-
|sama "sore".<ref name=":2" />
|surudans.
|sore surudan.
|-
| -ti
|imi "yokting glaobi sluqa".
|sore tullati her, li sziru-s doko szkoemus.
|sore glaobi tullati her, li sore sziru doko mus szkoe.
|-
| -tro
|sama "tropos".
|szirutro, kakutro, hanutro.
| -
|-
| -tsa
|sama "un vil ka du har yokting".
|branahttsa!
|un vil ka du har bra naht!
|-
| -v, -f<ref name=":2" />
|sama "vi".
|yingkiv!
|vi deki ying!
|-
| -ya
|sama "f".
|jiyoya kompyu dwaebmanae.
|kompyu f jiyo nae dwaebma.
|-
| -zma
|mah suruko "myepyelik" os "hyernelik" made.
|udaqizma yamtsa na du!
|un vil ka du udaqi!
|-
| -zol
|sama "zol".
|ergozols.
|sore zol ergo.
|-
|i-...-i
|ting helkraesena.
|furidany gelt f he iteri.
|he furidan gelt f he inye ter, aoen gelt hel furiyena na ter.
|-
|mi-...-va
|al deki.
|ka du vil nam? mikava.
|ka du vil nam? al deki, un deki nam ka du nam.
|}
<references />
<references />

Latest revision as of 02:35, 27 f’Kaiisamuai 2024


Ya aldok! Un Jiyojin, a un poleradan Viossa per akote ni tośi ima.

Vintuadâ fu un i 27d 8m 2022t. Un hanuki Anglossa a Putongossa, awen lera un Malayossa na śkola imangoro. Un spil hammasbaksu, a kaku kompyudvaima. Un yugentena Leksember 2022t inemade, a ainlatena Davi hanu! 40s telraz made. Yoku tel fu Duovimi awen grun un tte, a husketsa Leksember 2023!

Zan ao kaku

Afto jang mahaklarti yokyok zantropos a kakutropos govor fu un ine.

Zantropos

Mitzan

Afto skalla mkina mitzan ine ungovor.

Lepa Alvyol Palyatsi Ngangi Gorla
Hana m n ɲ ŋ
Bamba p  b t  d k
Bamfendo t͡s t͡ɕ  d͡ʑ
Fendo f  v s  z ɕ  ʑ ɣ h
Slak ɾ
Sebyazannen l j w
  • /t͡s/ a /s/ deki zanena na [t͡ɕ] a [ɕ] koske akote furalik sebyazan os na mitzanklani.
  • /d͡ʑ/ a /ʑ/ sparana [ʑ] made imangoro.
  • /h/ deki zanena na [ɦ] os nil na mellan fu ni sebyazan.
  • /ɣ/ deki zanena fanśuka: [j] akote furalik sebyazan, [ɰ] akote andra sebyazan, a mãe andra.

Sebyazan

Na kundur, sebyazan na govor fu un nai tak klar. Yanna go sebyazan ka altid slutśa na komsa, a ein mellanlik sebyazan ka tśiyao na tśiyao plas–sore dekti kraisena os nai, obalik os mellanlik na pikkatai.

fura mellan hina
oba i ɯ
mellan e ɘ o
unna a
  • /i/ bliti [ɪ] koske nai asobena. Na naota, /e/ ao /o/ bliti [ɛ] ao [ɤ] koske nai asobena.
  • /ɯ/ yamti mange likzan. Akote niltid sore [u] na gvir.
  • /a/ long hel unnaspeisu; sore deki [ɑ] os [ɐ] na strani.

Kakutropos

Kakutropos na govor fu un akote mellanlik. Nilting komsa kalap yanna her.

tropos↓ plas→ lepa alvyol palyatsi ngangi gorla
koi→ uten mit uten mit uten mit uten mit uten
hana m n ny ng
bamba p b t d k
bamfendo ts tś j
fendo f v s z ś g h
sebyazannen l y w
slak r

Sebyazan

Yam eksi ertśiyao sebyazan govor fu un ine. Al hei kakuyena na snano—i u e o a per lestesnano go, ao ă os ø per "mellanlik" eksis.

Na andra,

  • Hanayena sebyazan kakuyenati mit jarperpipo (ttb. ã).
  • Tśiyazma mellan sebyazan mit hentina damellan [a.i] ao sebyazanklani [ai̯] nai mkiyena kakutropos ine.
  • Li trengena (ttb. koske opetana), asobena sebyazan kakuyenaki mit akyutpipo, ttb. tsúite, prokibtíbsem.

Tsui /g/

  • Koske /g/ mellan ni sama sebyazan os na koowari, pipo antayena sebyazankirain obamade, ttb. *magazan > mâzan, *dag > dâ.
  • Koske /g/ mellan ni tśiyao sebyazan, y kakuyena li pobli /j/; li nai g ende, ttb. *yugent > yugent, men *yagi > yayi.
  • Na tolka os ine mitzanklani, /g/ kakuyena g na altid, ttb. grun, gormoi.
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