Difference between revisions of "Brukdjin:Dzsijo"

Vikoli kara
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(163 kawariya namellan na 2 brukdjin nai aukiyena)
Line 1: Line 1:
yaa aljin! un jiyo / kiki / geo(metric) / 葉, ein lerajin, leradanun viossa per akote 4 muai ima. enden apar nyojin, mena un imawen leradan mangemange ting tsui viossa.
<noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Jiyo}}</noinclude>


vintuadag (sintudag men f viossa) f un 27d vapamuai 2022t (zamisalijin). hanukin anglossa, jongossa, au apar melayossa.
Ya aldok! Un '''Jiyo'''zsin, a un poleradan Viossa per akote ni toszi ima.


gustun mah mahossa, spil hammasbasu, kaku kompyudwaibma auau.
Vintuadá fu un i 27d 8m 2022t. Un hanuki Anglossa a Putongossa, awen lera un Malayossa na szkola imangoro. Un spil hammasbaksu, a kaku kompyudvaima. Un yugentena [[leksember 2022|Leksember 2022t]] inemade, a ainlatena [[Davi hanu!|''Davi hanu!'']] 40s telraz made. Yoku tel fu [https://duostories.org/vios-vios Duovimi] awen grun un tte, a husketsa [[Leksember 2023]]!


==zantumam==
==Zan au kaku==
yamm unna zantumam f un.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
Afto zsang mahaklarti yokyok zantropos a kakutropos govor fu un ine.
|+midzan tumam
 
===Zantropos ===
 
==== Mitzan ====
Afto skalla mkina mitzan ine ungovor.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
!Lepa
!Alvyol
!Palyatsi
!Ngangi
!Gorla
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |tropos↓!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa
!Hana
! colspan="2" |alviol!! colspan="2" |alviolkrüxa
|m
! colspan="2" |hinakrüxa
!gorla
|-
!fal→
!utenkoi
!mitkoi
!utenkoi
!mitkoi
!utenkoi
!mitkoi
!utenkoi
!mitkoi
!utenkoi
|-
! colspan="2" |hana
|
|m||
|n
|n
| |
|
| ŋ
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |bamba
!Bamba
|p||b||t||d
|p&nbsp;&nbsp;b
|t&nbsp;&nbsp;d
|
|
| ||k||ɡ
|k
|-
! colspan="2" |bambadefendo
||
|| ||t͡s||d͡z
|t͡ɕ
|d͡ʑ
||
||
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |r-lik zan
!Bamfendo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|t͡s
|t͡ɕ
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |fendo
!Fendo
||f
| f&nbsp;&nbsp;v
||v||s
|s&nbsp;&nbsp;z
|z
&nbsp;&nbsp;ʑ
|ɣ
|ʑ
||(x)
||
|h
|h
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | sebiazannen
!Slak
|
|
|w
| ɾ
|
|
|l
|
|
|j
|
|
|-
!Sebyazannen
|
|
|l
| j
|w
|
|
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
* /t͡s/ a /s/ deki zanena na [t͡ɕ] a [ɕ] koske akote furalik sebyazan os na mitzanklani.
|+sebiazan tumam
*/d͡ʑ/ a /ʑ/ sparana [ʑ] made imangoro.
|-
*/h/ deki zanena na [ɦ] os nil na mellan fu ni sebyazan.
! rowspan="2" | katai↓
*/ɣ/ deki zanena fanszuka: [j] akote furalik sebyazan, [ɰ] akote andra sebyazan, a mãe andra.
!plas→!! colspan="2" | fura!!mellan
!hina
|-
!fal→!!naikrais!!kraislepa!!naikrais!!kraislepa
|-
! colspan="2" | oba
|i, iː
|y, yː|| colspan="2" | ɯ~u<ref>/u/ her aparlik /u/ inye nihonossa, yokutid deki mellanlik, os naikraislik, os ryoho.</ref>, uː
|-
! colspan="2" | mellan
|ɛ, eː||ø, øː|||(ə)<ref>mono yamm inye naijongsilba, doko /e/ na owari.</ref>||o,
|-
! colspan="2" | unna


| colspan="4" | ä, äː
====Sebyazan====
|}
Na kundur, sebyazan na govor fu un nai tak klar. Yanna go sebyazan ka altid slutsza na komsa, a ein mellanlik sebyazan ka tsziyau na tsziyau plas–sore dekti kraisena os nai, obalik os mellanlik na pikkatai.


===zanrúl===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
*yamki [ʔ] na mellan ni sebiazan inye qigau silba. (ttb: fu un [fɨʔun])
*/p/, /t/, /k/ kibli [p̚], [t̚], [k̚]; /b/, /d/, /g/ kibli [p], [t], [k] na owari silba os inye 2razmidzan. (ttb: likko [li̠ʔko])
*/n/, /t/, /d/ kibli hammaslik ([n̪], [t̪], [d̪]) de au za /ɾ/.
*/h/ kibli [x~χ] za unnalik sebiazan os inye mangefestamidzan, [ç] za obalik sebiazan.
*/ɾ/ kibli [r] za midzan.
*/j/ kibli [ʝ] de /i/ os /y/.
 
==kakutro==
 
=== latinkaku ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+alfakrun
!a
!b
!d
!dz
!e
!f
!g
!h
|-
|a~ɑ
|b
|d
|d͡z
|ɛ~e~ə
|f~ɸ
|g
|h~x
|-
!i
!j
!k
!l
!m
!n
!ng
!ny
|-
|i~j
|d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ
|k
|l
|m
|n
|-
!o
!ø / ö
! p
!q
!r
!s
!sz / x
!t
|-
|ɔ~o
| œ~ø
|p
|t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ
|ɾ~r
|s
|ɕ~ʃ
|t
|-
!ts
 
!u
!v
!w
!y
!z
!zs
|-
|t͡s
|ɯ~u~w
|y
|v
|w
|ʝ~j / y
|z
|ʑ~ʒ
|-
!'
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! fura
!mellan
!hina
|-
|-
|ʔ~p̚~t̚~k̚
!oba
|
|i
|
|
|
|
|ɯ
|
|
|
|}
 
==== andrarúl ====
*bruk mit akyut kirain (á, é, í, ó, ú, ű, ő) f kataisebiazan.
*yokutid awen yamm mit grav kirain (à, è, ì, ò, ù) f jongsilba (ttb: ohàre), mena afto mangetid mono koske opeta.
*bruk ''i'' au ''u'' per /j/ au /w/ inye 2sebiazankláni, os za midzan. (ttb: ''nam'''ai''''', '''''mi'''etta'')
*'''al''' 2razkirain hanuyena lik zan f hei inye alplas. (ttb: ''ma'''ng'''e, '''ng'''uo'''ng''''' ende hanuyena /ma.ŋe/, /ŋwoŋ/)
**li zol, bruk '''-''' per mahklár li hei hanuyena na sebia kirain.
 
===кирилкаку / kirilkaku===
аўен йамм кирилкаку. (тўо най брукена, груун харнай таста ф афто.)
 
''awen yamm kirilkaku. (tuo nai brukena, grún harnai tasta f afto.)''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+алфакрұн
! б
|-
|a~ɑ
|b
|v
|g
|d
|d͡z
|ɛ~e~ə
|z
|-
!ј / й
|-
|i~j
|j
|k
|l
|m
|n
| ɲ
|-
!o
!п
!у / ұ
!ԝ / ў
|-
|-
|ɔ~o
!mellan
|œ~ø
|e
|p
|ɘ
|ɾ~r
|o
|s
|t
|ɯ~u~w
|w
|-
|-
!ү
!unna
!џ / ђ
|-
|y
|f~ɸ
|h~x
 
|t͡s
|t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ
| d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ
|ɕ~ʃ
|ʑ~ʒ
|-
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|ʔ~p̚~t̚~k̚
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| a
|
|
|}
|}


<div style="font-family:'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Tahoma', sans-serif">
* /i/ bliti [ɪ] koske nai asobena. Na nauta, /e/ au /o/ bliti [ɛ] au [ɤ] koske nai asobena.
===اربککو / arabkaku ===
* /ɯ/ yamti mange likzan. Akote niltid sore [u] na gvir.
unna yamm arabkaku f un. (gien, harnai-n tasta.)
* /a/ long hel unnaspeisu; sore deki [ɑ] os [ɐ] na strani.
 
===Kakutropos===
Kakutropos na govor fu un akote mellanlik. Nilting komsa kalap yanna her.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |midzan!!plas→ !! colspan="2" |lepa
! rowspan="2" |tropos↓!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa
! colspan="2" |alviol!! colspan="2" |alviolkrüxa
! colspan="2" |alvyol!! colspan="2" |palyatsi
! colspan="2" |hinakrüxa
! colspan="2" |ngangi
!gorla
!gorla
|-
|-
!fal→
! koi→
!utenkoi
! uten
!mitkoi
!mit
!utenkoi
!uten
!mitkoi
!mit
!utenkoi
!uten
!mitkoi
!mit
!utenkoi
!uten
!mitkoi
!mit
!utenkoi
!uten
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |hana
! colspan="2" |hana
|
|
|م||
|m||
| ن
|n
| ||ڽ
| ||ny
|
|
|ڠ
|ng
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |bamba
! colspan="2" |bamba
|پ||ب||ت||د
| p||b||t||d
|
| ||k||
|
|
| ||ک||گ
|ء‎
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |bambadefendo
! colspan="2" |bamfendo
||
| |
|| ||ط||ص
| |||ts ||
|چ
|tsz
|ج
|
||
| |
||
| |
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |r-lik zan
! colspan="2" |fendo
| f||v||s||z
| sz
|zs|| ||g
|h
|-
! colspan="2" |sebyazannen
|
|
|
|
|
|
|ر
| l
|
|
|y
|
|
|w
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |slak
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |fendo
||ف
|| ۏ||س
| ش
||
||
|-
! colspan="2" |sebiazannen
|
|
|ۋ
|r
|
|
|
|
| ي
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
per sebiazan, kirain altid na kirainkleya oba midzankirain. li nai yamm midzankirain, bruk ا (alif).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! rowspan="2" |sz (1s)
!plas→!! colspan="2" |fura!!mellan
!hina
|-
!fal→!!naikrais!!kraislepa!!naikrais!!kraislepa
|-
! colspan="2" |oba
|اِ
|اِ|| colspan="2" |اُ
|-
! colspan="2" |mellan
|اِ||اُ||| ||اُ
|-
! colspan="2" |unna


| colspan="4" |اَ
====Sebyazan====
|}
Yam eksi ertsziyau sebyazan govor fu un ine. Al hei kakuyena na snano—''i u e o a'' per lestesnano go, au ''ø'' per "mellanlik" eksis.
f kataisebiazan os nirazsebiazan (lik ''ai''), bruk ein kirain (ی os و) za mitkirainkleyamidzankirain.
 
Na andra,


(li nai deki tasta kirainkleya, deki awen bruk ی os و kirain.)
* Hanayena sebyazan kakuyenati mit zsarperpipo (ttb. ''ã'').
</div>


==== andrarúl====
*Tsziyazma mellan sebyazan mit hentina damellan [a.i] au sebyazanklani [ai̯] nai mkiyena kakutropos ine.


*bruk østarab laskukirain.
*Li trengena (ttb. koske opetana), asobena sebyazan kakuyenaki mit akyutpipo, ttb. ''tsúite'', ''prokibtíbsem''.
*'''szaddah''' f gienmidzan.


==hanutro==
====Tsui /g/====
mangetid ('''nai altid''') brukun festako os tsunagako, danki na [https://vikoli.org/Brukdjin:Lumakot_Luna/lk#Glossaruul glossaruul f lunamik]. f suruko harun afto.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+f suruko
!da
!suruko
!yena
!vil/treng<ref>li "vil", "bli", "treng" iñe fras sebia suruko, afto ruul duaibmatrengnai.</ref>
!tid
!deki
!ak/nai
!spür
!surujin
!mono/awen
|-
| rowspan="3" |da-
| rowspan="3" |(ko)
| rowspan="3" | -(y)ena-
| -vil-
| -dan-, -ha(ji)-
| -ki-
| rowspan="3" | -nai-
| rowspan="3" | -we-
| -(u)n-, -v(i)-
| rowspan="3" | -mon(o)-, -(a)wen-
|-
| -bli-
| -ima-, -imau(en)-, -en(d)e-
| -tsa-
| -d(u)-, -(do)k-
|-
| -treng-
| -mir-, -(owa)ri-
| -ti-
| -s(or)-, -h(e)i-
|}
'''ttb:'''


*un nai xiru dan. = ''xirudannain.''
*Koske /g/ mellan ni sama sebyazan os na koowari, pipo antayena sebyazankirain obamade, ttb. ''*magazan'' > ''mázan'', ''*dag'' > ''''.
*dok vil mir nam we? =  ''vilk nammirwe?''
*Koske /g/ mellan ni tsziyau sebyazan, ''y'' kakuyena li pobli /j/; li nai ''g'' ende, ttb. ''*yugent'' > ''yugent'', men ''*yagi'' > ''yayi''.
* un nai deki hanu dan afto. = ''hanudankinain afto.''
*Na tolka os ine mitzanklani, /g/ kakuyena ''g'' na altid, ttb. ''grun'', ''gormoi''.
* deki nai we vi spil? = ''spilkinaiwev?''
<references />
<references />

Latest revision as of 02:07, 3 f’Śägmuai 2024


Ya aldok! Un Jiyozsin, a un poleradan Viossa per akote ni toszi ima.

Vintuadá fu un i 27d 8m 2022t. Un hanuki Anglossa a Putongossa, awen lera un Malayossa na szkola imangoro. Un spil hammasbaksu, a kaku kompyudvaima. Un yugentena Leksember 2022t inemade, a ainlatena Davi hanu! 40s telraz made. Yoku tel fu Duovimi awen grun un tte, a husketsa Leksember 2023!

Zan au kaku

Afto zsang mahaklarti yokyok zantropos a kakutropos govor fu un ine.

Zantropos

Mitzan

Afto skalla mkina mitzan ine ungovor.

Lepa Alvyol Palyatsi Ngangi Gorla
Hana m n ɲ ŋ
Bamba p  b t  d k
Bamfendo t͡s t͡ɕ
Fendo f  v s  z ɕ  ʑ ɣ h
Slak ɾ
Sebyazannen l j w
  • /t͡s/ a /s/ deki zanena na [t͡ɕ] a [ɕ] koske akote furalik sebyazan os na mitzanklani.
  • /d͡ʑ/ a /ʑ/ sparana [ʑ] made imangoro.
  • /h/ deki zanena na [ɦ] os nil na mellan fu ni sebyazan.
  • /ɣ/ deki zanena fanszuka: [j] akote furalik sebyazan, [ɰ] akote andra sebyazan, a mãe andra.

Sebyazan

Na kundur, sebyazan na govor fu un nai tak klar. Yanna go sebyazan ka altid slutsza na komsa, a ein mellanlik sebyazan ka tsziyau na tsziyau plas–sore dekti kraisena os nai, obalik os mellanlik na pikkatai.

fura mellan hina
oba i ɯ
mellan e ɘ o
unna a
  • /i/ bliti [ɪ] koske nai asobena. Na nauta, /e/ au /o/ bliti [ɛ] au [ɤ] koske nai asobena.
  • /ɯ/ yamti mange likzan. Akote niltid sore [u] na gvir.
  • /a/ long hel unnaspeisu; sore deki [ɑ] os [ɐ] na strani.

Kakutropos

Kakutropos na govor fu un akote mellanlik. Nilting komsa kalap yanna her.

tropos↓ plas→ lepa alvyol palyatsi ngangi gorla
koi→ uten mit uten mit uten mit uten mit uten
hana m n ny ng
bamba p b t d k
bamfendo ts tsz
fendo f v s z sz zs g h
sebyazannen l y w
slak r

Sebyazan

Yam eksi ertsziyau sebyazan govor fu un ine. Al hei kakuyena na snano—i u e o a per lestesnano go, au ø per "mellanlik" eksis.

Na andra,

  • Hanayena sebyazan kakuyenati mit zsarperpipo (ttb. ã).
  • Tsziyazma mellan sebyazan mit hentina damellan [a.i] au sebyazanklani [ai̯] nai mkiyena kakutropos ine.
  • Li trengena (ttb. koske opetana), asobena sebyazan kakuyenaki mit akyutpipo, ttb. tsúite, prokibtíbsem.

Tsui /g/

  • Koske /g/ mellan ni sama sebyazan os na koowari, pipo antayena sebyazankirain obamade, ttb. *magazan > mázan, *dag > .
  • Koske /g/ mellan ni tsziyau sebyazan, y kakuyena li pobli /j/; li nai g ende, ttb. *yugent > yugent, men *yagi > yayi.
  • Na tolka os ine mitzanklani, /g/ kakuyena g na altid, ttb. grun, gormoi.