Laskushiru

Laskuširu – širutropos, ka mit aftoo deki tsatainmietta. Ine laskuširu, lasku mononai katainen – pasku miepie fu usoting ka mus samasuru mit joku ruuru.

Mahpravda ine laskuširu

Mahpravda je tsatainmiettatropos per ka joku fras glaubena bli vyerena (zettai pravda, lakinai tšigaumie). Brukena ine joku mahpravda: erpravda (hadžimade vyerena pravda – miettaranja) au razpravda (fras dan mahpravdena, hotia imauen vyerena).

Fal fu laskuširu

(Jam andrfal ka aftoo unating; men na eindžin dekinai širu alfaftoo… Mangestuur širutropos.)

Katailaskuširu

Katailasku nasimpel lasku fu katai: ein, ni, tre…. Katailaskuširu per širu katai ting ytten bruk veltting – mangesimpel antaa tšiisai lasku andrlasku made mit yoobi fpašuun, men mit stuur lasku (ttb 157928) treng hyerne os štift-na-paperi.

Jamlasku ($\mathbb {N}$)

lasku fu tingkatai ka sejena ine pravdavelt. 1, 2, 3… jamlasku; $-1$, $\scriptstyle {\frac {1}{2}}$ jamlaskunai. Miettena ka 0 (nil) auen jamlaskutropos, auenli »uso katai«.

Heellasku ($\mathbb {Z}$)

jamlasku au kundurlasku fu aftoo. Kundurlasku fu $x$ tak lasku $y$, ka $x+y=0$. Kakena $-x$, hanena »nut $x$« (< ‘ein utn’) os »lop $x$«.

Tellasku ($\mathbb {Q}$)

al lasku ka heellaskunen tel fu andr heellasku.

Gwirlasku ($\mathbb {R}$)

Figlasku ($\mathbb {C}$)

Pravdalaskuširu

Pravdalasku – lasku fu hurmange pravda (os uso). Ine laskuširuvelt letstevikti Buulpravdalasku, ka har ni kundur fal – pravda ($\top$ os $\mathbb {1}$) au uso ($\bot$ os $\mathbb {0}$).

Klaanilaskuširu

Klaani - ine laskuširu, klaani har mange chigau ting. Deki har sofnai ting, os nil ting (de kaku $\emptyset$). Ttb Jamlasku je klaani mit sofnai lasku, men $A=\{1,2,3,4\}$ je klaani mit mono 4 lasku. Ting ine klaani mus chigau je, sitt $\{1,1\}$ sama $\{1\}$. Klaani mavikti ine laskuširu, grun al laskuširu bruk sore.

Havuralaskuširu

Havura – liik klaani, men har plusmange ruruimpla. Klaani $H$ je havura li har kawarina $(\cdot ):H\times H\to H$, ka suru 4 Havurapravda:

1. Peral $a,b$ ine havura $H$, $a\cdot b$ auen ine $H$
2. Peral $a,b,c$ ine $H$, $a\cdot (b\cdot c)=(a\cdot b)\cdot c$
3. Jam tak $e$ ine $H$, ka peral $a$ ine $H$, $e\cdot a=a\cdot e=a$
4. Peral $a\in H$, jam $b\in H$, ka $a\cdot b=b\cdot a=e$ (kakuena $b=a^{-1}$)

Men ine havura, $a\cdot b$ naimus $b\cdot a$ sama. Li afto pravda peral $a$ au $b$, de $H$ haissa havurafabel (naeme za Niels Henrik Abel).

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