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(157 kawariya namellan na 2 brukdjin nai aukiyena) |
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| yaa aljin! un jiyo / kiki / geo(metric) / 葉, ein lerajin, leradanun viossa per akote 4 muai ima. enden apar nyojin, mena un imawen leradan mangemange ting tsui viossa.
| | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Brukdjin:djiyo}} |
| | ya aldok! un djiyodjin, a un poleradan viossa per ein toshi ima. |
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| vintuadag (sintudag men f viossa) f un 27d vapamuai 2022t (zamisalijin). hanukin anglossa, jongossa, au apar melayossa. | | vintuadag fu un 27d 8m 2022t i. un deki hanu anglossa a putonghwossa, awen lera malayossa na shkola imangoro. un dua maossa, spil hammasbaksu, a kaku kompyudvaima. un yuentena [[leksember 2022]] inyemade, a ainlatena [[Davi hanu!|''davi hanu!'']] 40s telraz made. yok tel fu [https://duostories.org/vios-vios duovimi] awen grun un tte, a vasunai tsa [[leksember 2023]]! |
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| gustun mah mahossa, spil hammasbasu, kaku kompyudwaibma auau.
| | ==govor== |
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| ==zantumam== | | afto lehtinen maaklar yokting govor fu un tsúite. |
| yamm unna zantumam f un.
| | |
| | === zantropos === |
| | afto skalla ngkina mitzan inye govor fu un. yam awen yok mitzan ka mono yam na koi, a nai ngkiyena her. |
| | |
| | tsuite /g/, sore fuwayena mellan sebyazan a de mitzan nil made. ima, sore poblidan /ɰ/ os /ɦ/ (os /j/ de furisebyazan), os nil! |
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|
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
| |+midzan tumam | | |+mitzan |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="2" |tropos↓!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa | | ! rowspan="2" |tropos↓!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa |
| ! colspan="2" |alviol!! colspan="2" |alviolkrüxa | | ! colspan="2" |alvyol!! colspan="2" |palyatsi |
| ! colspan="2" |hinakrüxa | | ! colspan="2" |ngangi |
| !gorla | | !gorla |
| |- | | |- |
| !fal→ | | !koi→ |
| !utenkoi | | !uten |
| !mitkoi | | !mit |
| !utenkoi | | !uten |
| !mitkoi | | !mit |
| !utenkoi | | !uten |
| !mitkoi | | !mit |
| !utenkoi | | !uten |
| !mitkoi | | !mit |
| !utenkoi | | !uten |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |hana | | ! colspan="2" |hana |
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| |p||b||t||d | | |p||b||t||d |
| | | | | |
| | ||k||ɡ | | | ||k|| |
| |(ʔ) | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |bambadefendo | | ! colspan="2" |bamfendo |
| || | | | | |
| || ||t͡s||d͡z | | | |||ts|| |
| |t͡ɕ | | |tɕ |
| |d͡ʑ | | |dʑ |
| || | | | | |
| || | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |r-lik zan | | ! colspan="2" |fendo |
| | |f||v||s||z |
| | |ɕ |
| | |ʑ|| || |
| | |h |
| | |- |
| | ! colspan="2" |sebyazannen |
| | | | | |
| | |w |
| | | | | |
| | |l |
| | | | | |
| |ɾ | | |j |
| | | | | |
| | |ɰ |
| | | | | |
| | |- |
| | ! colspan="2" |slak |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |ɾ |
| ! colspan="2" |fendo
| |
| ||f
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| ||v||s
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| |z
| |
| |ɕ
| |
| |ʑ
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| ||(x)
| |
| ||
| |
| |h
| |
| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | sebiazannen
| |
| | | | | |
| |w
| |
| | | | | |
| |l
| |
| | | | | |
| |j
| |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |
| |
| |}
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|
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |+sebiazan tumam
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | katai↓
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| !plas→!! colspan="2" | fura!!mellan
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| !hina
| |
| |-
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| !fal→!!naikrais!!kraislepa!!naikrais!!kraislepa
| |
| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | oba
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| |i(ː)
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| |y(ː)|| colspan="2" | ɨ~ʉ~ɯ~u(ː)<ref>/u/ her aparlik /u/ inye nihonossa, yokutid deki mellanlik, os naikraislik, os ryoho.</ref>
| |
| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | mellan
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| |ɛ(ː)~e(ː)||ø(ː)|||(ə)<ref>mono yamm iñe naijongsilba, doko /e/ na haji.</ref>||ɔ(ː)~o(ː)
| |
| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | unna
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|
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| | colspan="4" | a(ː)~ɑ(ː)
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| |} | | |} |
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| ===zanruul===
| | na kundur, sebyazan na govor fu un nai tak klar. yanna go sebyazan ka altid slucha na komsa, a ein mellanlik sebyazan ka chiyau na chiyau plas–sore dekti kraisena os nai, obalik os mellanlik na pikkatai. riso na una ngkina hei mit plas inye kuchi. |
| *yamki [ʔ] na mellan ni sebiazan inye qigau silba. (ttb: fu un [fɨʔun])
| |
| */p/, /t/, /k/ kibli [p̚], [t̚], [k̚]; /b/, /d/, /g/ kibli [p], [t], [k] na owari silba os inye 2razmidzan. (ttb: likko [li̠ʔko])
| |
| */n/, /t/, /d/ kibli hammaslik ([n̪], [t̪], [d̪]) de au za /ɾ/.
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| */h/ kibli [x~χ] za unnalik sebiazan os inye mangefestamidzan, [ç] za obalik sebiazan.
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| */ɾ/ kibli [r] za midzan.
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| */j/ kibli [ʝ] de /i/ os /y/.
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| ==kakutro==
| | [[Zeting:Dzsijo sebjazantumam.svg|sama=Sebjazantumam fu dzsijodzsin|мини|sebyazantumam per govor fu un. pik na gris ngkina sebyazan ka mono slucha na koi na strani.]] |
| unna yamm kakutro f un. yamm mange tro f kaku sama zan.
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |+alfakrun | |
| !a
| |
| !b
| |
| !d
| |
| !dz
| |
| !e
| |
| !f
| |
| !g
| |
| !h
| |
| |- | |
| |a~ɑ
| |
| |b
| |
| |d
| |
| |d͡z
| |
| |ɛ~e~ə
| |
| |f~ɸ
| |
| |g
| |
| |h~x
| |
| |-
| |
| !i
| |
| !j
| |
| !k
| |
| !l
| |
| !m
| |
| !n
| |
| !ng
| |
| !ny
| |
| |-
| |
| |i~j
| |
| |d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ
| |
| |k
| |
| |l
| |
| |m
| |
| |n
| |
| |ŋ
| |
| |ɲ
| |
| |-
| |
| !o
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| !ø / ö
| |
| ! p
| |
| !q
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| !r
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| !s
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| !sz / x
| |
| !t
| |
| |-
| |
| |ɔ~o
| |
| | œ~ø
| |
| |p
| |
| |t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ
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| |ɾ~r
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| |s
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| |ɕ~ʃ
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| |t
| |
| |-
| |
| !ts
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|
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| !u
| | === kakutropos === |
| !ü
| | kakutropos fu govor fu un akote mellanlik. nilting komsa kalap yanna her. eiruru her ti tont zan mono kakuyenaki mit ein kakutropos. na korogoro mena, kakutropos fu /g/ nai tak klar. |
| !v
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| !w
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| !y
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| !z
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| !zs
| |
| |-
| |
| |t͡s
| |
| |ɯ~u~w
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| |y
| |
| |v
| |
| |w
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| |ʝ~j / y
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| |z
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| |ʑ~ʒ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==== anderruul ==== | |
| *bruk mit akyut kirain f kataisebiazan.
| |
| *yokutid awen yamm mit grav kirain (à, è, ì, ò, ù) f jongsilba (ttb: ohàre), mena afto mangetid mono koske opeta.
| |
| *bruk ''i'' au ''u'' per /j/ au /w/ inye 2sebiazankláni, os za midzan. (ttb: ''nam'''ai''''', '''''mi'''etta'')
| |
| *'''al''' 2razkirain hanuyena lik zan f hei inye alplas. (ttb: ''ma'''ng'''e, '''ng'''uo'''ng''''' ende hanuyena /ma.ŋe/, /ŋwoŋ/) li zol, bruk ''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>'' os ''-'' per mahklár li hei hanuyena na sebia kirain.
| |
| | |
| ===кирилкаку / kirilkaku===
| |
| аўен йамм кирилкаку. (тўо най брукена, груун харнай таста ф афто.) / awen yamm kirilkaku. (tuo nai brukena, grún harnai tasta f afto.)
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
| |+алфакрұн
| |
| !а
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| !б
| |
| !в
| |
| !г
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| !д
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| !ѕ
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| !е
| |
| !з
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |a~ɑ
| | ! rowspan="2" |tropos↓!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa |
| |b
| | ! colspan="2" |alvyol!! colspan="2" |palyatsi |
| |v
| | ! colspan="2" |ngangi |
| |g
| |
| | d
| |
| |d͡z
| |
| |ɛ~e~ə
| |
| |z
| |
| |-
| |
| !и
| |
| !ј / й
| |
| !к
| |
| !л
| |
| !м
| |
| !н
| |
| !њ
| |
| !ҥ
| |
| |-
| |
| |i~j
| |
| |j
| |
| |k
| |
| |l
| |
| |m
| |
| |n
| |
| |ɲ
| |
| |ŋ
| |
| |-
| |
| !o
| |
| ! ө
| |
| !п
| |
| !р
| |
| !с
| |
| !т
| |
| !у / ұ
| |
| !ԝ / ў
| |
| |-
| |
| |ɔ~o
| |
| |œ~ø
| |
| |p
| |
| |ɾ~r
| |
| |s
| |
| |t
| |
| |ɯ~u~w
| |
| |w
| |
| |-
| |
| !ү
| |
| !ф
| |
| !х
| |
| ! ц
| |
| !ч
| |
| !џ / ђ
| |
| !ш
| |
| !ж
| |
| |-
| |
| |y
| |
| |f~ɸ
| |
| |h~x
| |
| | |
| |t͡s
| |
| |t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ
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| |d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ
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| |ɕ~ʃ
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| |ʑ~ʒ
| |
| |}
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| | |
| === اربککو / arabkaku ===
| |
| unna yamm arabkaku f un. (gien, harnai-n tasta.)
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |midzan!!plas→!! colspan="2" |lepa | |
| ! colspan="2" |alviol!! colspan="2" |alviolkrüxa | |
| ! colspan="2" |hinakrüxa | |
| !gorla | | !gorla |
| |- | | |- |
| !fal→ | | !koi→ |
| !utenkoi | | !uten |
| !mitkoi | | !mit |
| !utenkoi | | !uten |
| !mitkoi | | !mit |
| !utenkoi | | !uten |
| !mitkoi | | !mit |
| !utenkoi | | !uten |
| !mitkoi | | !mit |
| !utenkoi | | !uten |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |hana | | ! colspan="2" |hana |
| | | | | |
| |م|| | | |''m''|| |
| |ن | | |''n'' |
| | ||ڽ | | | ||''ny'' |
| | | | | |
| |ڠ | | |''ng'' |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |bamba | | ! colspan="2" |bamba |
| |پ||ب||ت||د | | |''p''||''b''||''t''||''d'' |
| | | | | |
| | ||ک||گ | | | ||''k''|| |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |bambadefendo | | ! colspan="2" |bamfendo |
| || | | | | |
| || ||ط||ص | | | |||''ts''|| |
| |چ | | |''ch'' |
| |ج | | |''dj'' |
| || | | | | |
| || | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" |r-lik zan | | ! colspan="2" |fendo |
| | |''f''||''v''||''s''||''z'' |
| | |''sh'' |
| | |''j''|| || |
| | |''h'' |
| | |- |
| | ! colspan="2" |sebyazannen |
| | | | | |
| | |''w'' |
| | | | | |
| | |''l'' |
| | | | | |
| |ر | | |''y'' |
| | | | | |
| | |''g'' |
| | | | | |
| | |- |
| | ! colspan="2" |slak |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |''r'' |
| ! colspan="2" |fendo
| |
| ||ف
| |
| ||ۏ||س
| |
| |ز
| |
| |ش
| |
| |ژ
| |
| ||
| |
| ||
| |
| |ح
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | sebiazannen
| |
| | | | | |
| |ۋ
| |
| | | | | |
| |ل
| |
| |
| |
| |ي
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| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |} | | |} |
| sebiazan har 2 tro f hei. eins, sebiazan nai altid kakena; nis, sebiazan altid kakena, samalik hél alfakrún.
| | kakutropos per sebyazan nai tak fuksa awen. kakuti '''i u e a o''' per go sebyazan ka lestesnano, au '''ø''' per ''6s''. |
|
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|
| ==== sebiazan (1s tro) ==== | | ==== tsui /g/ ==== |
| kirain altid na kirainkleya oba midzankirain. li nai yamm midzankirain, bruk ا (alif).
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | sz (1s)
| |
| !plas→!! colspan="2" | fura!!mellan
| |
| !hina
| |
| |-
| |
| !fal→!!naikrais!!kraislepa!!naikrais!!kraislepa
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | oba
| |
| |اِ
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| |اِ|| colspan="2" | اُ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | mellan
| |
| |اِ||اُ||| ||اُ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | unna
| |
| | |
| | colspan="4" | اَ
| |
| |}
| |
| f kataisebiazan os nirazsebiazan (lik ''ai''), bruk ein kirain (ی os و) za mitkirainkleyamidzankirain.
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| | |
| (li nai deki tasta kirainkleya, deki awen bruk ی os و kirain.)
| |
| | |
| ==== sebiazan (2s tro) ====
| |
| al sebiazan kakena.
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | sz (2s)
| |
| !plas→!! colspan="2" | fura!!mellan
| |
| !hina
| |
| |-
| |
| !fal→!!naikrais!!kraislepa!!naikrais!!kraislepa
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | oba
| |
| |ى
| |
| |ۉ|| colspan="2" | و
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | mellan
| |
| |ە||ۅ||| ||ؤ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" | unna
| |
| | |
| | colspan="4" | ا
| |
| |}
| |
| bruk '''szaddah''' f kataisebiazan.
| |
| | |
| ==== andrarúl ====
| |
| | |
| * bruk østarab laskukirain.
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| * '''szaddah''' f gienmidzan.
| |
| | |
| ==hanutro==
| |
| mangetid ('''nai altid''') brukun festako os tsunagako, danki na [https://vikoli.org/Brukdjin:Lumakot_Luna/lk#Glossaruul glossaruul f lunamik]. f suruko harun afto.
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |+f suruko
| |
| !da
| |
| !suruko
| |
| !yena
| |
| !vil/treng<ref>li "vil", "bli", "treng" iñe fras sebia suruko, afto ruul duaibmatrengnai.</ref>
| |
| !tid
| |
| !deki
| |
| !ak/nai
| |
| !spür
| |
| !surujin
| |
| !mono/awen
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="3" |da-
| |
| | rowspan="3" |(ko)
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -(y)ena-
| |
| | -vil-
| |
| | -dan-, -ha(ji)-
| |
| | -ki-
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -nai-
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -we-
| |
| | -(u)n-, -v(i)-
| |
| | rowspan="3" | -mon(o)-, -(a)wen-
| |
| |-
| |
| | -bli-
| |
| | -ima-, -imau(en)-, -en(d)e-
| |
| | -tsa-
| |
| | -d(u)-, -(do)k-
| |
| |-
| |
| | -treng-
| |
| | -mir-, -(owa)ri-
| |
| | -ti-
| |
| | -s(or)-, -h(e)i-
| |
| |}
| |
| '''ttb:'''
| |
|
| |
|
| *un nai xiru dan. = ''xirudannain.'' | | * koske /g/ mellan ni sebyazan, kakutsa '''y''' li [j] yamena, os nil li [ɰ] (ttb. ''maazan'', ''yuent'', ''pooda''; ''miyi'', ''yayi''). |
| *dok vil mir nam we? = ''vilk nammirwe?'' | | * koske /g/ na hadji os owari fu koto, kakutsa '''g''' koske opeta, os '''h''' li vilena (ttb. ''ha'', ''ho'', ''horla'', ''dah''). |
| *un nai deki hanu dan afto. = ''hanudankinain afto.'' | | * li /gj/ os /gw/ poyamdan, kakutsa '''y''' os '''w''', uten ''g'' (ttb. ''yen'', ''wa''). |
| *deki nai we vi spil? = ''spilkinaiwev?''
| |
| <references /> | | <references /> |